Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic, progressive disease, an inflammatory type that belongs to rheumatic diseases. This disease mainly affects the axial skeleton and sacroiliac joints, leading to characteristic inflammatory pain. It can also affect peripheral joints, entheses, and extraarticular structures. Men are most often affected, in a ratio of 3: 1. The cytokine TNF-α is the one that triggers the inflammatory process. The sacroiliac joints are the first to be affected by inflammation. Among the first symptoms of the disease is low back pain, inflammatory type, which is located in the lower back and / or deep gluteally, and it is possible to spread down the thighs. Inflammatory low back pain is manifested by pain that lasts longer than three months, which is calmed by exercise, and intensified at rest. This type of back pain starts gradually, causes stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes in the morning, and is common in the evening where it intensifies again and makes the patient stand up. Enthesitis that occurs on the heels, hips, shoulders, and knees is very common. The changes in the spine that appear earliest are found at the Th-L junction and extend caudally and cranially. Progression leads to a flexible and hunched posture reminiscent of the attitude of skiers. Patients notice weight loss, fatigue is very present, and fever is frequent. Various indices are used to assess functional incapacity, axial mobility, and to measure disease activity in order to determine patient conditions as easily as possible. In the treatment and rehabilitation of rheumatic diseases there are a number of forms used as physical medicine procedures. The most important and most effective item is kinesitherapy, which with its functional models and movement therapy leads to faster healing and recovery. The implementation of therapeutic exercises includes: stretching exercises, range of motion exercises, exercises to mobilize the spine or joints, strengthening exercises and aerobic capacity exercises. A combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy is necessary today in order to improve the general condition and functional ability of patients, surgical procedures also can be indicated.