Former researches indicate IUGR as one of the most common disorders during the pregnancy and as a serious problem of modern perinatology. It causes great perinatal morbidity and mortality. In the underdeveloped word it often appears because of mother's malnutrition, while in optimal living conditions uteroplacental factors of intrauterine growth dominate. Normal fetal growth, good oxygenation and adequate maturation are preconditions for a good perinatal outcome, what indicates on the need for continuous supervision of all pregnancies, especially high risk ones. The development of modern technology enabled monitoring of fetal growth and development by ultrasound, it made it measurable, and completed the monitoring of endangared pregnancies with biophysical profile and doppler. Continuous monitoring makes it possible to notice the weakening of nutritional, and afterwards the respiratory function of the placenta, as well as the activation of compensatory mechanism of the fetus. Determination of the flow trough umbilical arteries leads to hypoxia, which is basic pathological process. Progression of hypoxia can lead to the breakdown of compensatory mechanisms. The nutrititional status of the fetus and its oxygenation is estimated by intensive perinatal surveillance, so that indications of serious disorders could be noticed on time. As the priority is to prevent undesirable consequences of hypoxia on immature brain of the fetus, fetal metabolism and other organs and organic systems, it is reasonable to make a decision about trmination of pregnancy before new irreversible damages appear.