| Sažetak | Uvod: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je istražiti prehrambene i životne navike kao i pridružene bolesti i nutritivni status u bolesnika kojima se indicira ezofagogastroduodenoskopija (EGDS), te u bolesnika sa postavljenom dijagnozom gastroezofagealne refluksne bolesti (GERB-a) i gastritisa nakon učinjene EGDS kako bi se uvidjela moguća uloga medicinske sestre u edukaciji bolesnika.
Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 97 ispitanika, od kojih 57 (58,8%) žena. Najveći broj ispitanika, njih 50 (51,5%) ima od 31- 60 godina, 34 (35,1%) ispitanika ima 61 ili više godina dok njih 13 (13,4%) ima od 18-30 godina. Za svakog ispitanika ispunjen je anketni upitnik o postojanju pridruženih bolesti, životnim navikama, uzimanju lijekova te Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) upitnik. Nadalje, svim ispitanicima učinjena je EGDS, brzi ureaza test za dokazivanje prisutnosti Helicobacter pylori (HP) iz bioptata sluznice želuca, te je izmjerena tjelesna visina i težina iz kojih je potom izračunat indeks tjelesne mase (IMT).
Rezultati: Lijekove za bolove ili lijekove protiv zgrušavanja krvi koristi 19 (19,8%) ispitanika, lijekove za bolove u želucu koristi 30 (30,9%) ispitanika. Mučnine ima 41 (43,6%) ispitanik, promjene u tjelesnoj težini u posljednjih 6 mjeseci njih 31 (32,6%), puši 35 ispitanika (36,1%), a kavu pije 81 (83,5%) ispitanik. Doručak svakog dana jede 56 (57,7%) ispitanika, kuhanu hranu jede njih 75 (77,3%), a 5-6 obroka dnevno konzumira 29 (29,9%) ispitanika. Gazirana pića više od 2 puta tjedno pije 26 (26,8%) ispitanika dok jače začinjenu hranu (papreno, kiselo, slano) voli jesti 37 (38,5%) ispitanika. Infekciju bakterijom HP ima 11 (11,3%) ispitanika, GERB ima 47 (48,5%) ispitanika dok gastritis ima 61 (62,9%) ispitanik te je samo 6 (6,4%) ispitanika adherentno na mediteransku prehranu. Rezultati ukazuju kako statistički značajno više muškaraca puši u usporedbi sa ženama (p= 0,020), dok žene statistički značajno češće doručkuje svakoga dana (p=0,039). Muškarci statistički značajno češće piju gazirana pića (p=0,020). Nepušači statistički značajno češće doručkuju svakog dana (p=0,001), značajno češće jedu kuhanu hranu (p=0,047) te značajno rjeđe konzumiraju jače začinjenu hranu p=0,002) u usporedbi sa pušačima. Statistički značajno više ispitanika s GERB-om jede jače začinjenu hranu u usporedbi sa onima koji imaju gastritis (p=0,061). Osobe koje imaju GERB statistički značajno češće imaju i druge bolesti želuca (p=0,091).
Zaključak: Rezultatu ukazuju na visoku učestalost GERB-a i gastritisa u populaciji bolesnika kojima se zbog simptoma indicira EGDS. Također, razvidno je visoka učestalost neželjenih životnih navika u ovoj ispitivanoj populaciji, posebno među muškarcima. Porazno mali broj ispitanika se hrani sukladno postulatima mediteranske prehrane. Sve navedeno ukazuje kako je nužna edukacija od strane medicinske sestre, sa ciljem promjena navedenih neželjenih životnih navika, te usvajanja preporuka prehrane po postulatima mediteranske prehrane s obzirom kako je pokazana povezanost navedenih navika sa razvojem i učestalosti GERB-a i gastritisa kao i sa zdravljem općenito. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Introduction: The main objective of this study is to investigate the dietary and lifestyle habits and associated diseases and nutritional status in patients indicated for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) and patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and gastritis after EGDS to determine a possible role of the nurse in patient education.
Materials and methods: 97 people participated in the study, 57 (58,8%) of whom were women. Most respondents, 50 (51,5%), were between 31and 60 years old, 34 (35,1%) were 61 years or older, while 13 (13,4%) were between 18 and 30 years old. For each respondent, a questionnaire was completed on the presence of comorbidities, lifestyle habits, medication intake and the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) questionnaire. In addition, all subjects underwent an EGDS, a rapid urease test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori (HP) from gastric mucosal biopsies, and their height and weight were measured, from which the body mass index (IMT) was then calculated.
Results: 19 (19,8%) of respondents take painkillers or medication for blood clotting, while 30 (30,9%) of respondents take medication for stomach pain. 41 (43,6%) of respondents suffer from nausea, 31 (32,6%) have experienced changes in their body weight in the last 6 months, 35 (36,1%) of respondents smoke, while 81 (83,5%) of respondents drink coffee. 56 (57,7%) of the respondents eat breakfast daily, 75 (77,3%) eat cooked food daily, and 29 (29,9%) of the respondents eat 5-6 meals per day. In addition, 26 (26,8%) respondents drink carbonated drinks more than twice a week, while 37 (38,5%) respondents like to eat spicy (peppery, sour, salty) food. 11 (11,3%) people have HP infection, 47 (48,5%) people have GERD, 61 (62,9%) people have gastritis, and only 6 (6,4%) people adhere to the Mediterranean diet. The results show that statistically significantly more men smoked compared to women (p=0,020), while women were statistically significantly more likely to eat breakfast daily (p=0,039). The results also show that men drink carbonated drinks significantly more often (p=0,020). Non-smokers were significantly more likely to eat breakfast daily (p=0,001), significantly more likely to eat cooked food (p=0,047) and significantly less likely to consume highly seasoned food (p=0,002) than smokers. The results also show that statistically significantly more respondents with GERD eat more spicy foods than those with gastritis (p=0,061). The results also show that people with GERD are statistically significantly more likely to suffer from other gastric diseases (p=0,091).
Conclusions: The results indicate a high frequency of GERD and gastritis in the patient population with symptoms suggestive of EGDS. A high frequency of undesirable lifestyle habits (such as frequent consumption of coffee, carbonated beverages and spicy food, as well as smoking and skipping breakfast) is also evident in this population studied, especially in men. In addition, an overwhelmingly low number of respondents follow the postulates of the Mediterranean diet. All this suggests that healthcare professionals, especially nurses, need to be educated to change the aforementioned undesirable lifestyle habits and adopt dietary recommendations based on the Mediterranean diet, as the aforementioned habits are associated with the development and incidence of GERD and gastritis, as well as with health in general. |
