Lipids are essential molecules in the body that play key roles in various biological processes. Although lipids are vital for our health, an imbalance in their levels can lead to serious health problems. Lipoproteins are complex particles that enable the transport of lipids through the circulation. Since lipids are hydrophobic, lipoproteins serve as carriers that enable their movement in the aqueous environment of the blood. Lipoproteins are divided into several types, each of which has a specific role in lipid transport. Atherosclerosis is a condition in which plaque builds up inside the walls of the arteries. Over time, the plaques become hard and narrow, making it difficult for blood to flow through the arteries. This can lead to serious cardiovascular problems. Arterial hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often associated with atherosclerosis. When arteries become narrowed and hard due to plaque buildup, the heart has to pump blood harder to get through the narrowed areas, which increases blood pressure. Arterial hypertension further damages the arteries and worsens atherosclerosis. Increased blood pressure can lead to damage to other organs. Arterial hypertension is one of the biggest public health problems in the world and has become the subject of numerous studies. It is a demanding medical condition that occurs primarily or secondarily as a result of another disease. This research is focused on the assessment of lipid status in patients with arterial hypertension. The results confirmed the association between arterial hypertension and increased serum lipid concentration, specifically total cholesterol and LDL particles. Prevention and treatment of these conditions include changes in lifestyle, such as a healthy diet and regular physical activity. In some cases, medication is needed to control blood pressure. In conclusion, an imbalance of lipids and lipoproteins leads to serious conditions such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. Understanding how these factors interact and how to control them is key to maintaining cardiovascular health.