ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) technique is mechanical circulatory and / or respiratory support that provides heart and lung function support in patients who have the function of said organs damaged to life threatening despite all medication and support measures. Extracorporeal artificial circulation carries vein blood from the patient to gas exchange in the device where the blood becomes oxygen-enriched, carbon dioxide is removed and such blood re-enters the circulation of the patient. It is essentially an extracorporeal circulation device consisting of a circulatory pump and a gas-exchange oxygenator, and replaces the heart and / or lung function. It can serve as a bridge to recovery, other mechanical support or transplantation. The main types of ECMO support are VENO-VENSKI (VV) and VENO-ARTERIAL (VA). Veno-venous (VV) ECMO is performed in respiratory failure and veno-arterial (VA) ECMO is performed in combination with heart and respiratory failure. The aim of this paper is to present nursing care for patients undergoing a new mechanism of mechanical circulation and / or breathing support that provides support for heart and lung function. Through this work I want to point out the importance of nursing care when receiving patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the cardiovascular unit of intensive care, the health care of patients on extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, to describe nursing diagnoses and nursing procedures through case studies. The Perfusionist is responsible for the preparation, start up and maintenance of the ECMO device in all phases of ECMO support, nurses are responsible for health care and surveillance of life-threatening patients.