Acute aortic dissection is a serious condition that seeks immediate medical and surgical care. Aortic dissection occurs due to longitudinal stratification aortic intima. Due to the separation of the central part of the aorta (the media) are formed two lumens. In the true lumen registers blood flow while in the false lumen flow of small or absent. False lumen is typically 50% larger than the true lumen. Risks for acute aortic dissection are different. In 80% cases of this disorder are the patients with hypertension. Equally important are the risk factors and atherosclerosis of the aorta, bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta, various diseases of the connective tissue (Marfan syndrome) and cystic medial necrosis of the aorta media. Symptoms of acute aortic dissection includes: abrupt onset of chest pain that spreads to the neck, back, both hands or feet, depending on the localization of dissection. Fainting and general weakness of the body are the result of clogged arteries that come out due to aortic dissection. Acute myocardial infarction is one of the possible, related complications. Diagnosis of acute aortic dissection is carried out with the help of the history, examination, ECG, X-ray of lungs and heart, magnetic resonance imaging, coronary tomography or aortography. Laboratory parameters that helps in the diagnosis are D-dimer and troponin T or I. There are two divisions for localization of aortic dissection: according Stanfordskoj classification, aortic dissection, compared to the initial location of the split intimate divided into type A (dissection affects descedentnu aorta) and type B (dissection does not affect the ascending aorta). Stanford A requires a surgical operation. After surgery, the patient is placed into the intensive care – cardio department where is permanently monitored for 24 hours / day and observed by specially trained nurses and doctors-cardioanestesiologist. In ICD- cardio is retained while his life is in vital danger, then he moves on to the intensive care unit of cardiac surgery department.