The rate of premature births in Europe and developed countries is 5-9%. Babies born this way are born before the 37th week. Risk factors, which are known to be associated with premature birth, are the history of recorded abortion in the first trimester, previous premature birth, multiple pregnancy, maternal acute or chronic diseases, maternal age, etc. Prematurity, due to the immaturity of some organ systems, belongs to risk group. Also, there are frequent cases of motor and cognitive impairments. The purpose of this paper is to present the population of premature infants, their specificity in the form of environmental difficulties they have at birth, and the diversity of conditions, with which they may be born or which may occur later. Common physiological challenges that such children face are problems with breathing, blood circulation, feeding, behavior. In most cases, preterm infants will develop into normal, healthy children and later adults and will be no different from their peers. However, in some children, their premature birth will cause long-term or lifelong problems. Therefore, early intervention and involvement in the rehabilitation process is important to eliminate abnormalities or reduce the negative effects that abnormalities have on the further growth, development and quality of life of the child. Therefore, early intervention and rehabilitation procedures will be described.