Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune, degenerative, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The damage can affect the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and the spinal cord. Demyelinated plaques (located on the brain and the spinal cord) form at the spots of myelin sheath damage, often affecting the optic nerve. These changes result in the blockage of the transmission of nerve impulses, causing disturbances in the nervous system function. The cause of the disease itself is unknown, but it’s believed to consist of genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and abnormalities of the immune system. And it’s characterized with unpredictable neurological symptoms, difficulty of diagnosis and uneven geographical diversion. There are four main types of multiple sclerosis, and four additional pathological forms. Multiple sclerosis occurs between the range of 18-50 years of age, and women have higher chances of ailment then men. In Croatia, the incidence is 15-30 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Diagnosis of the disease is particularly psychologically difficult for the patient and the family, so nurses are obligated to provide education and support for better adjustment. Trough knowledge of the health care process and comprehensive approach, the nurse collects needed data and determines current and potential nursing care diagnoses. Some of the duties include extensive knowledge of the disease, treatment options, education and prevention of complications.