Title Upotreba radiografije i kompjutorizirane tomografije u trudnoći: pregledni članak
Title (english) The use of radiography and computed tomography in pregnancy: review article
Author Tereza Jerić
Mentor Maja Marinović Guić (mentor)
Committee member Danijela Budimir Mršić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Vjekoslav Krželj (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Maja Marinović Guić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Split (University Department of Health Studies) Split
Defense date and country 2022-10-06, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences
Abstract Napretkom radiologije povećala se i upotreba radioloških pregleda u trudnoći, osobito kompjutorizirane tomografije, metode koja koristi ionizirajuće zračenje. Istovremeno porasla je i svijest, zabrinutost i zablude među javnošću i zdravstvenim radnicima o potencijalnim rizicima izlaganja ionizirajućem zračenju majke i fetusa. Potrebno je odvagnuti rizik izlaganja majke i djeteta ionizirajućem zračenju u svrhu postavljanja točne dijagnoze koja može biti životno ugrožavajuća. Neželjni učinci zračenja mogu biti deterministički i stohastički.Deterministički učinci zračenja proizlaze iz oštećenja određenog broja stanica, s točno određenim pragom doze prije nego dođe do oštećenja. Ne očekuje se deterministički učinak od praktičnog značaja ispod doze od 100 mGy. Stohastički učinci ionizirajućeg zračenja proizlaze iz oštećenja pojedine stanice i mogu dovesti do karcinogeneze.
Fetalne doze zračenja do 1 mGy—koje se koriste u većini radioloških pregleda područja ispod koljena i iznad dijafragme—smatraju se prihvatljivima, s dodatnim rizikom od karcinogeneze za dijete manjim od jedan na 10 000. S većim dozama (npr. fetalna doza od 20-50 mGy primljena tijekom CT-a zdjelice), rizik od karcinogeneze povećava se otprilike za faktor 2, iako ostaje nizak u apsolutnom smislu (manje od jedan u 250). Sve radiološke ustanove trebale bi imati pisane upute za probir i liječenje trudnica.
Kontrolirane studije o primjeni niskoosmolalnih jodnih kontrastnih sredstava tijekom trudnoće u žena ne postoje dok životinjske studije in vivo ne pokazuju mutagene i teratogene učinke stoga se primjena ovih kontrastnih sredstava u trudnoći preporuča jedino ukoliko se bez njih ne bi mogla dobiti klinički važna dijagnostička informacija. Ako se jodirani spojevi koriste tijekom trudnoće, funkciju štitnjače novorođenčeta treba provjeriti tijekom 1. tjedna života. Ukoliko je potrebno trudnicu snimati metodom koja koristi ionizirajuće račenje potrebno je odvagnuti rizike za majku i dijete, prilagodbom radiološke metode smanjiti dozu zračenja te nakon snimanja osigurati savjetovanje s medicinskim fizičarom, ginekologom i radiologom.
Abstract (english) With the progress of radiology, the use of radiological methods during pregnancy has also increased, especially computed tomography, a method that uses ionizing radiation. At the same time, awareness, concern, and misconceptions among the public and health professionals about the potential risks of exposure to ionizing radiation for the mother and fetus have also increased. It is necessary to weigh the risk of exposure of mother and child to ionizing radiation in order to establish an accurate diagnosis, which can be life-threatening. Radiation adverse effects can be deterministic and stochastic. Deterministic effects occur when a certain number of cells is damaged, with a precisely defined dose threshold before damage occurs. Below a dose of 100 mGy there is no expected deterministic effect of practical significance. Stochastic effects of ionizing radiation occurs when there is damage to individual cells and can result with carcinogenesis.
Fetal doses of radiation up to 1 mGy—used in most radiological examinations of the area below the knee and over the diaphragm—are considered admissible, with a risk of carcinogenesis for child less than one in 10,000. With higher doses (e.g. fetal doses of 20-50 mGy received during a CT of pelvic region), the risk of carcinogenesis grows by about factor of 2, but it remains low in absolute terms (less than one in 250). All radiological institutions should have a written instructions for the screening and treatment of pregnant women.
Controlled studies on the use of low-osmolality iodine contrast agents during pregnancy in women do not exist, while animal studies in vivo do not show mutagenic and teratogenic effects, therefore the use of these contrast agents during pregnancy is recommended only if clinically important diagnostic information could not be obtained without them.
If it is necessary to scan a pregnant woman with a method that uses ionizing radiation, it is necessary to weigh the risks for the mother and child, to reduce the radiation dose by adapting the method, and after the scan to ensure consultation with a physicist, gynecologist and radiologist.
Keywords
trudnoća
radiografija
kompjutorizirana tomografija
Keywords (english)
: pregnancy
radiography
computed tomography
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:176:777714
Study programme Title: Radiologic Technology (university/graduate) Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra radiološke tehnologije (magistar/magistra radiološke tehnologije)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2022-10-07 10:15:52