Title Kineziterapija kod osoba s osteoporozom
Title (english) Kinesitherapy for people with osteoporosis
Author Ena Dužević
Mentor Dinko Pivalica (mentor)
Committee member Frane Mihanović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Fabijan Čukelj (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Dinko Pivalica (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Split (University Department of Health Studies) Split
Defense date and country 2022-09-30, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences
Abstract Kineziterapija označava metodu fizikalne terapije koja u svrhu liječenja koristi pokret. Predstavlja jedan od najboljih nefarmakoloških načina liječenja osteoporoze. Vježbanjem se direktno utječe na porast mišićne mase te na postizanje veće mineralne gustoće kostiju. Također, ciljevi kineziterapije kod osteoporoze su uspostava, održavanje ili povećanje opsega pokreta, mišićne snage i izdržljivosti te poboljšanje ravnoteže. .Nadalje, poboljšanje posture te korekcija deformiteta. Najvažniji cilj jest prevencija prijeloma koji se kod osteoporoze događaju pri minimalnim traumama.
Vježbe koje se primjenjuju kod osteoporoze su vježbe snage, vježbe s otporom, vježbe istezanja te vježbe ravnoteže. Vježbe snage i opterećenja imaju pozitivan utjecaj na porast vršne koštane mase. Studije pokazuju i povećanje mineralne gustoće kostiju lumbalne kralježnice i femoralnog vrata uslijed prakticiranja vježbi snage i vježbi s otporom. Bavljenje tjelesnom aktivnošću, odnosno sportom se preporuča i mladima kako bi prevenirali potencijalnu pojavu osteoporoze. Osteoporoza je kronična metabolička bolest koju karakterizira smanjena mineralna gustoća kostiju i narušena mikroarhitektura. Najčešća komplikacija jesu prijelomi i to atraumatski prijelomi kuka, kralježaka te distalne trećine radiusa. Posljedice su bolnost, nesposobnost i smanjena kvaliteta života. Rizične skupine za oboljenje su osobe starije životne dobi, najčešće žene poslije menopauze uslijed pomankanja hormona estrogena što dovodi do povećane aktivnosti osteoklasta (stanica odgovornih za razgradnju kosti). Osteoporoza se dijeli na primarnu i sekundarnu. Primarna obuhvaća postmenopauzalnu, senilnu te idiopatsku osteoporozu. Prema definiciji WHO-a pacijentu se dijagnosticira osteoporoze ako su vrijednosti za 2.5 standardnih devijacija ispod prosječne koštane mase izmjerene denzitometrijom. Na bolest se može djelovati preventivno te je liječiti farmakološkim i nefarmakološkim putem. Nefarmakološko liječenje obuhvaća fizikalnu terapiju (s naglaskom na kineziterapiju), edukaciju te korištenje ortopedskih pomagala i uzimanje suplemenata. Uz adekvatnu prehranu i suplementaciju, te primjenom kineziterapije kao fizikalnog modaliteta postiže se bolja kvaliteta i tjelesna sposobnost pacijenata oboljelih od osteoporoze.
Abstract (english) Kinesitherapy means a method of physical therapy that uses movement for the purpose of treatment. It represents one of the best non-pharmacological ways of treating osteoporosis. Exercise directly affects the increase in muscle mass and the achievement of higher bone mineral density. Also, the goals of kinesitherapy in osteoporosis are to establish, maintain or increase range of motion, muscle strength and endurance, and improve balance. .Furthermore, improvement of posture and correction of deformities. The most important goal is the prevention of fractures that occur with minimal trauma in osteoporosis. Exercises used in osteoporosis are strength exercises, resistance exercises, stretching exercises and balance exercises. Strength and load exercises have a positive effect on the increase in peak bone mass. Studies also show an increase in bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femoral neck as a result of practicing strength and resistance exercises. Engaging in physical activity, i.e. sports, is also recommended for young people in order to prevent the potential occurrence of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density and impaired microarchitecture. The most common complication is fractures, namely atraumatic fractures of the hip, vertebrae and the distal third of the radius. The consequences are pain, disability and reduced quality of life. Risk groups for the disease are older people, most often women after menopause due to the lack of estrogen hormone, which leads to increased activity of osteoclasts (cells responsible for bone breakdown). Osteoporosis is divided into primary and secondary. Primary includes postmenopausal, senile and idiopathic osteoporosis. According to the WHO definition, a patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis if the values are 2.5 standard deviations below the average bone mass measured by densitometry. The disease can be prevented and treated pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Non-pharmacological treatment includes physical therapy (with an emphasis on kinesitherapy), education and the use of orthopedic aids and taking supplements. With adequate nutrition and supplementation, and the use of kinesitherapy as a physical modality, a better quality and physical capacity of patients suffering from osteoporosis is achieved.
Keywords
: edukacija
kineziterapija
osteoporoza
prevencija
Keywords (english)
education
kinesitherapy
osteoporosis
prevention
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:176:828359
Study programme Title: Physiotherapy (university/undergraduate) Study programme type: university Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: sveučilišni prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) fizioterapije (sveučilišni prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) fizioterapije)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
Terms of use
Created on 2022-10-13 16:41:03