Mammography is a non-invasive X-ray method of imaging the breast using a machine called a mammograph. Mammography enables insight into the breast tissue and the detection of calcifications, masses and other abnormalities. The biggest advantage of mammography over other methods is the detection of pathological microcalcifications. Mammography can detect breast cancer two years before the tumor can be felt, and before any symptoms or signs of the disease appear. In almost all populations, breast cancer is at the very top of the leading causes of death in women. The aim of this research was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and experiences of women in the Republic of Croatia regarding mammography as the gold standard in the early detection of breast cancer, and to offer guidelines for raising awareness of the importance of regular mammography in the early detection of breast cancer. The tasks of the research were to determine the knowledge, attitudes and experiences related to mammography examination and to examine whether the respondents differ in their knowledge, attitudes and experiences regarding mammography examination with regard to age, level of education, place of residence and socio-economic status. The results showed insufficient knowledge, but a positive attitude and positive experiences of the respondents. It was found that respondents with a higher education and from the city know more and have more positive attitudes about mammography examination than respondents from the countryside and with a lower education, and that respondents younger than 59 years have more positive attitudes than respondents older than 59 years. No difference was found in the test subjects' mammography examination experiences with regard to the examined independent variables. This research contributes to a better understanding of the factors that influence women's decisions regarding mammography and provides guidelines for improving breast cancer early detection programs. There are great chances for a cure if it is detected in time, therefore knowledge about mammography is very important, as well as positive attitudes and positive experiences of patients regarding mammography examination. The paper emphasizes the need for further educational campaigns adjusted to inform women about the importance of mammography and incentives for participation in early breast cancer diagnosis.