| Abstract | Multipla skleroza (MS) je kompleksna kronična bolest središnjeg živčanog sustava (mozga i kralježnične moždine) koja utječe na mozak, kralježničnu moždinu i optičke živce. Simptomi multiple skleroze variraju ovisno o tome koji je živac pogođen te koliki je stupanj njegova oštećenja. Najčešći simptomi uključuju probleme s vidom, mišićnu slabost i grčeve, umor, osjetilne simptome (trnce, peckanje), probleme s govorom, probleme s mokraćnim mjehurom i crijevima, kognitivni simptomi. MS dijelimo na 4 tipa: relapsno–remitentna, sekundarno progresivna, primarno progresivna, progresivno–relapsna. U procesu zdravstvene njege u fazi utvrđivanja potreba za zdravstvenom njegom, potrebno je prikupiti potrebne podatke te ih dobro analizirati. Prikupljanjem podataka kroz 11 obrazaca zdravstvenog funkcioniranja po M. Gordonu procjenjujemo percepciju i održavanje zdravlja, prehranu i metabolizam, eliminaciju, tjelesnu aktivnost, odmor i spavanje, kognitivno-perceptivne funkcije, samopercepciju, odnose, seksualnu aktivnost i disfunkciju, sučeljavanje i toleranciju na stres, vrijednosti i vjerovanja. Pomoću prikupljenih podataka možemo postaviti sestrinske dijagnoze. Taj sveobuhvatan pristup omogućava medicinskim sestrama da razviju učinkovit plan skrbi koji odgovara specifičnim potrebama svakog pacijenta, uzimajući u obzir njihove individualne okolnosti i stanje. |
| Abstract (english) | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex chronic disease of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. The symptoms of multiple sclerosis vary depending on which nerve is affected and the extent of its damage. The most common symptoms include vision problems, muscle weakness and spasms, fatigue, sensory symptoms (tingling, burning), speech problems, issues with the bladder and bowel, and cognitive symptoms. MS is classified into four types: relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive, and progressive-relapsing. In the process of health care in the phase of assessing needs for health care, it is necessary to collect the required data and interpret them accurately. Using the 11 health patterns proposed by M. Gordon, we assess perception and maintenance of health, nutrition and metabolism, elimination, physical activity, rest and sleep, cognitive-perceptual functions, self-perception, relationships, sexual activity and dysfunction, coping and stress tolerance, and values and beliefs. With the collected data, we can establish nursing diagnoses. This comprehensive approach allows nurses to develop an effective care plan that meets each patient's specific needs, considering their individual circumstances and condition. |
