Title Radiološka dijagnostika tumora mišićno-koštanog sustava Title (english) Radiological Diagnostics of Tumors of the Musculoskeletal System Author Jelena Božić Pavletić Mentor Maja Marinović Guić (mentor)Committee member Sanja Lovrić Kojundžić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ana Čarić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Maja Marinović Guić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Split Defense date and country 2014-09-26, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Novotvorevina, neoplazma (grč. neos- nov, plasia – rast) ili tumor ( lat. tumor – oteklina) patološka je tvorba nastala kao posljedica prekomjernog umnažanja abnormalnih stanica. Novotvorevine mogu biti dobroćudne (benigne) i zloćudne (maligne). Tumori kostiju mogu nastati od različitih vrsta tkiva koja sudjeluju u građi kosti. Velik broj histološki i biološki različitih oblika tumora kostiju znatno otežavaju njihovo prepoznavanje. Većina tumora mekih tkiva se pojavljuje sporadično i etiologija ostaje nepoznata. Radiološka dijagnoza ima ključnu ulogu u otkrivanju, stupnjevanju i praćenju bolesnika s malignim tumorima. U svrhu definiranja stupnja lokalne, regionalne i sustavne proširenosti, za različite tumore koristimo različite dijagnostičke pretrage. U dijagnostičke pretrage koje koristimo u onkologiji nam spadaju: konvencionalna radiologija, ultrazvučna dijagnostika, kompjuterizirana tomografija, magnetna rezonancija, nuklearno-medicinske metode, pozitronska emisijska tomografija (PET/CT) i intervencijska radiologija. Rendgenska slika, u dvjema projekcijama, je zapravo prvo detaljnije prikazivanje tumorskog procesa. Klasična radiološka obrada bi trebala obuhvatiti cijelu kost, a može se nadopuniti slojevnim snimkama koje nam omogućuju kvalitetniju analizu koštane strukture. Ultrazvučna dijagnostika nam može pomoći u otkrivanju, lokalizaciji i parcijalnoj karakterizaciji površinskih tumora mekih tkiva, a njime možemo procjeniti i vaskularizaciju tumora. Kompjuterizirana tomografija je jedna od temeljnih dijagnostičkih metoda u onkologiji jer daje informacije o lokalizaciji i veličini tumorskog procesa te informacije o njegovom odnosu prema okolnim strukturama. Zbog velikog kontrasta mekih tkiva i mogućnosti multiplanarne rekonstrukcije, MRI je često najbolji odabir kod lokalnog stupnjevanja tumorskog procesa. Nuklearno-medicinske metode mogu se primjenjivati u detekciji malignih tumora svih organa i organskih sustava. Načela scintigrafske detekcije tumora temelje se na razlici u sposobnosti nakupljanja radiofarmaka između normalnog i tumorskog tkiva. PET/CT je metoda kojom se pomoću radiofarmaka prikazuje funkcionalno stanje tkiva i organa, odnosno metabolička aktivnost stanica. To je najosjetljivija molekularna slikovna metoda današnjice, te je standardna metoda u praćenju bolesnika s različitim tumorima. Intervencijska radiologija se bavi dijagnostikom i intervencijom širokog spektra različitih poremećaja koristeći pri tome minimalno invazivne postupke.
Abstract (english) Neoplasm (from Ancient Greek neos- new, plasia – creation) or tumor (lat. tumor – swelling) is pathological formation resulting from excessive multiplication of abnormal cells. A neoplasm can be benign or malignant. Bone tumors may arise from different types of tissues involved in the bone structure. Large number of histological and biological different forms of bone tumors considerably complicates their recognition. Most soft tissues tumors occur sporadically and etiology remains unknown. Radiological diagnosis plays a key role in the discovery, classification and monitoring of patients with malignant tumors. In order to define the degree of local, regional and systemic spread of tumor, for various tumors we use different diagnostic examinations. The diagnostic examinations used in oncology include: conventional radiology, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear-medical methods, positron emission tomography (PET/CT) and interventional radiology. X-ray image, in two projections will actually be the first detailed presentation of tumor process. Classical radiological evaluation should cover the whole bone, and can be complemented by layering images that allow us better analysis of bone structure. Ultrasound diagnosis can help in the detection, localization and partial characterization of surface soft tissues tumors, and it can evaluate its vascularization. Computed tomography is one of the basic diagnostic methods in oncology because it gives information about the location and size of a tumor process, and information about its relation to surrounding structures. Due to the high soft tissue contrast and multiplanar reconstruction capabilities, MRI is often the best choice in local tumor staging process. Nuclear-medical methods can be applied in the detection of malignant tumors of all organs and systems. The principles of scintigraphic detection of the tumor are based on the difference in the ability of radiopharmaceutical accumulation between normal and tumor tissue. PET/CT is the method of using radiopharmaceutical in order to show the functional state of tissues and organs, and metabolic activity of cells. It is the most sensitive molecular imaging method nowadays, and is the standard method in monitoring patients with various tumors. Interventional radiology deals with diagnosis and intervention of a wide range of different disorders, using minimally invasive procedures.
Keywords
neoplazma
tumor
abnormalne stanice
Keywords (english)
neoplasm
tumor
abnormal cells
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:176:841735 Study programme Title: Radiologic Technology (university/undergraduate) Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-06-08 07:43:49
