Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children and it is characterized by the inflammation of the airways, followed by spontaneous or drug reversible acute bronchial obstruction encouraged by various factors. On the occurrence of allergic asthma is influenced by numerous factors, the genetic and environmental (allergens). The chronic inflammation of the airways in asthma is constant and increases the reactivity of the airways which are causing recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing. Although acute exacerbations usually occur gradually and are triggered by a viral infection, may also occur suddenly and be life threatening. Reliable diagnosis in children is possible only after the fifth year of life so early diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in order to prevent irreversible changes in the airways are necessary. Care for a child with asthma, whether it is a new situation or exacerbation of asthma is complex as well as its treatment, and requires teamwork. The nurse plays a key role in educating patients and parents, and thereby achieves good self-control, which is used in the treatment of asthma and the prevention of its complications in children.