Diabetes is a chronic, endocrinologic disorder carachterized by absolute or relative insulin deficiency which results in hyperglycemia. There are two main types; Type I diabetes and type II diabetes, but there is also a special type that is diagnosed for the first time in pregnancy called gestational diabetes. Pregnancy of a woman with type I diabetes is considered a risky pregnancy because it often leads to complications for both the mother and the baby and that leads to increased perinatal mortality and morbidity rates. On the maternal side the most often complications are hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, hypertension which leads to preeclampsia, urogenital infections and diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. On fetal side there are higher risks for developing congenital malformations, miscarriage, intrauterine infections of the fetus and fetal hypoxia and acidosis. In order to minimise the risk of developing complications, the crucial thing is maintaining blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible. For all those reasons it is advised that pregnancy of a woman with type I diabetes is pre-planned and intensivley monitored. It is advised to end the pregnancy after 38 weeks of gestation by inducing labor or via Caesarian section. In order to have a safe and successful pregnancy the role of the midwife is crucial in educating the pregnant woman. She should educate her about insulin administration, diet regime and implementing exercise, risk and prevention of acute and chronic diabetic complications. The importance of therapeutic communication must not be neglected in order for the pregnant woman to achieve the feeling of safeness and trust in her midwife.