Coronary arterial calcium score is a native CT scan that demonstrates the coronary arteries and provides data on the presence of calcified plaques in the blood vessels. The CAC score method is a reliable and non-invasive technique for determining the risk of possible cardiovascular events. The calcium score was developed in the 1980s. Coronary calcium results are most commonly expressed as the Agatston sum, in honor of Dr. Arthur Agatston who first proposed this method of measuring calcium. The Agatston score depends on the volume of the calcified plaque and the density of the calcification. The standard categories of Agatston sum based on the total calcium score are: 0 (without calcifications), 1-10 which represents the minimum accumulation of calcifications, 11-100 mild, 101-400 moderate and over 400 severe / serious accumulation of calcifications. CAC results are significant risk indicators for future coronary incidents. High coronary calcium levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiac events. Due to its simplicity and speed of performance, CAC scoring has been recognized as a very good screening examination for the detection of coronary artery disease. Asymptomatic patients with a medium risk of developing coronary heart disease benefit most from a CAC score. This method plays an important role in assessing the progression of coronary artery disease by monitoring changes in calcium results. By identifying at-risk patients, CAC scoring helps select the patients who benefit most from further screening and pharmacologycal treatment. This paper describes the role of the calcium scoring method in the detection of coronary artery disease and coronary risk stratification. A comparison of Agatston score with other clinical results of cardiovascular risk assessment is also presented, as well as the relationship of CAC score and other methods used in the detection of coronary heart disease. Indications and contraindications for examination, received radiation doses, interpretation of the obtained results and prognostic value in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients and patients with diabetes are also listed. The aim of this study was to search the available data related to the clinical use of CAC score in the assessment of coronary heart disease and to analyze the accuracy of the results obtained in a specific patient population.