Aim: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to define and explain inflammatory bowel diseases and their epidemiological occurrence in the world, to present the most common symptoms and principles of diagnosis and therapy, basic principles of nutrition and the process of health care of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Discussion: Inflammatory bowel disease is the common name for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is a disease whose inflammatory process is limited to the colon, and Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. They are thought to arise as a result of the action of several different factors on an individual with a genetic predisposition. Incidence and prevalence are associated with global lifestyle changes and have been on the rise in recent decades. The onset of symptoms has a bimodal range. They appear in younger age 30 years ago, and in older between 50-70. Different involvement of the gastrointestinal wall is also specific: in Crohn's disease, transmurality (full wall thickness involvement) is characteristic, while in ulcerative colitis the inflammation is limited to the mucosa. The basis of diagnosis is anamnestic data by which the patient indicates the most common problems, endoscopic and radiological methods of laboratory examination and pathohistological analysis of biopsy material. Treatment includes a combination of pharmacotherapy and lifestyle changes or adherence to an adequate diet. An important role in patient care is also played by the nurse, who with her knowledge and skills contributes to achieving the best possible care for the patient. Conclusion: On a global scale, inflammatory bowel diseases are on the rise. Given the complexity of the problems of these two diseases, modern medicine is still exploring potential causes and new therapeutic options. Approach to solving the problem of patients requires multidisciplinarity. Modern nursing is based on individualizing the approach to patients and providing the best possible care.