| Abstract | Babinje obuhvaća razdoblje od 6 tjedana nakon poroda kada se majčino tijelo vraća u pregravidno stanje. Babinjače mogu doživjeti neke komplikacije u puerperiju, a najčešće su: postpartalne infekcije, krvarenje nakon poroda, problemi dojke (mastitis), urinarna inkontinencija, postporođajna depresija i psihoza te tromboembolija.
Postporođajno krvarenje obično se događa jer maternica nepravilno kontrahira, posteljica je zaostala ili zbog hematoma u maternici, vratu maternice ili vagini. Ako je krvarenje povećano, primalja mora masirati maternicu te dati oksitocin kako bi se kontrahirala.
Proizvodnja urina često je povećana, ali privremeno nakon poroda. Zbog tromosti mjehura može biti smanjena nakon poroda, pa primalja mora potaknuti babinjače da pokušaju mokriti redovito, najmanje svaka 4 sata. Na taj se način izbjegava opterećenost mjehura i pomaže u sprečavanju infekcije. Ako babinjača ne može redovito mokriti, primalja mora primjeniti privremeno kateter kako bi se ispraznio mjehur. Nakon dijagnoze urinarne infekcije terapija se provodi antibioticima. Babinjače moraju piti puno tekućine i dati urin za mikrobiološke pretrage na početku i kraju terapije.
Mastitis ili upala dojke je karakterizirana crvenilom na području dojke, a ponekad je i cijela dojka obuhvaćena. Infekcija dojke je popraćena simptomima groznice, zimice, umora, povišene tjelesne temeprature i glavobolje. Liječenje se provodi antibioticima i može nastaviti dojiti, ali je također važno i da babinjača pije dosta tekućine.
Tromboembolija je bolest koja nastaje uslijed dugotrajnog ležanja. Stoga primalje moraju poticati žene na brzo ustajanje i kretanje kako bi se izbjegle komplikacije koje mogu biti smrtonosne.
Neke babinjače mogu doživjeti slučaj "baby blues-a". Uzrok tome su promjene u razinama hormona u kombinaciji s novom odgovornosti brige za novorođenče što dovodi da se majke osjećaju tjeskobno, zabrinuto ili ljuto. Za većinu to neraspoloženje i blaga depresija prolazi u roku od nekoliko dana ili tjedana. U tom peridu babinjači treba razumijevanje obitelji i primalje. Postporođajna depresija obično postaje vidljiva dva tjedna do tri mjeseca nakon poroda, a karakterizira je intenzivan osjećaj tjeskobe i očaja, dok je postpartalna psihoza mnogo opasnija i u oba slučaja babinjača treba pomoć psihijatra.
Urinarna inkontinencija je nemogućnost zadržavanja urina, obično uzrokovana rastezanjem baze mokraćnog mjehura tijekom trudnoće i poroda. Primalja mora educirati babinjače kako provoditi Kegelove vježbe. U međuvremenu, babinjače trebaju nositi zaštitno rublje ili higijenske uloške.
Konačno, zadatak primalje je gledati babinjače kao cjelovito biće kojemu je potrebna psihološka, fizička i socijalna pomoći u slučaju da joj je potrebna. Primalja će uvijek biti u mogućnosti pružiti pomoć, sigurnost i razumijevanje, a time i uljepšati razdoblje babinja za vrijeme boravka u rodilištu. |
| Abstract (english) | The postpartum period is the 6 weeks after delivery, when the mother’s body returns to its prepregnancy state. Prematura may experience a postpartum complications and the some of this is: postpartum infections, bleeding after delivery, breast problems (mastitis), urinary incontinence, postpartum depression and psychosis and tromboembolism.
Postpartum hemorrhage is usually happens because the uterus fails to properly contract after the placenta has been delivered, or because of hematomes in the uterus, cervix or vagina. If bleeding is severe, midwife must massage the uterus to help it contract and gives the oxytocin.
Urine production often increases greatly, but temporarily, after delivery. Because bladder sensation may be decreased after delivery, the midwife encourage a mother to try to urinate regularly, at least every 4 hours. Doing so avoids overfilling the bladder and helps prevent bladder infections. If the prematura cannot urinate on her own, a midwife must inserted catheter temporarily into the bladder to empty the urine. Once a urinary infection is diagnosed, the therapy is antibiotics. The women must drink plenty of fluids, and are asked to give urine samples at the beginning and end of treatment to screen for any remaining bacteria.
Mastitis, or breast infection, usually is indicated reddened area on the breast but the entire breast may also be involved. Breast infections - which can be brought on by bacteria may be accompanied by fever, chills, fatigue, elevated temperatures and headache. For therapy she must take a antibiotics and she can continue to nurse but it's also important to drink plenty of fluids.
Thromboembolism is a disease that occurs due to prolonged bed rest. Therefore midwives must encourage women to quickly get up and move, to avoid complications that can even lead to death.
Some prematures experience a case of the "baby blues". Changes in hormone levels, combined with the new responsibility of caring for a newborn, make many new mothers feel anxious, overwhelmed or angry. For most, this moodiness and mild depression go away within several days or weeks. In this period she needs the understanding of the family and a midwife. Postpartum depression usually becomes apparent two weeks to three months after delivery, is characterized by intense feelings of anxiety or despair but the postpartum psychosis is much dangerous and in both cases prematura needs psychiatric help.
Urinary incontinence is the inadvertent passage of urine, usually is caused by the stretching of the base of the bladder during pregnancy and delivery. The midwife must educates the women how to doing Kegel exercises. In the meantime, wear protective undergarments or sanitary napkins.
Finally, the task of the midwife is to see women as an integral being in need of psychological, physical and social assistance in the event that the application itself, and midwives will be able to provide the help, security and understanding and thus brighten period puerperium during their stay in the maternity ward. |
