| Abstract | Cilj: Cilj je rada procijeniti razinu znanja medicinskih sestara Zadarske županije o zdravstvenoj važnosti konzumacije prehrambenih vlakana u usporedbi s općom populacijom. Znanja medicinskih sestra o navedenom imaju presudnu ulogu u zdravstvenom odgoju i prosvjećivanju opće populacije, pridonose zdravoj prehrani i načinu života te pomažu u prevenciji bolesti. Procjena znanja na ovom području može doprinijeti unaprjeđenju obrazovnih programa za medicinske sestre iz područja prehrane i dijetoterapije.
Metode: U ovom presječnom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 1096 ispitanika. Osnovni skup stratificiran je na dva uzorka: opću populaciju (727 ispitanika) i medicinske sestre (369 ispitanika). Istraživanje je provedeno na području Dalmacije, od listopada 2014. do ožujka 2015. godine. Korišten je validirani upitnik portugalskog istraživačkog centra Polytechnic Institute Viseu. Upitnik sadržava pitanja o demografskim karakteristikama, prehrambenim navikama, navikama analiziranja deklaracija, izvorima informacija, znanju o prehrambenim vlaknima i povezanosti između unosa vlakana i pojave bolesti. Primjenom deskriptivne i inferencijalne statistike procijenjena je konzumacija prehrambenih vlakana u hrvatske populacije te razina znanja medicinskih sestara i opće populacije.
Rezultati: Unos namirnica bogatih prehrambenim vlaknima u hrvatskoj populaciji relativno je nizak. Ispitanici konzumiraju najčešće jedan obrok povrća i jedan komad voća dnevno. Žene konzumiraju veću količinu povrća, voća i cjelovitih žitarica i češće analiziraju deklaracije proizvoda. Muškarci češće konzumiraju brzu hranu i obroke izvan vlastitog doma. Utvrđena je pozitivna povezanost između razine obrazovanja i dobrih prehrambenih navika. Stanovnici urbanog područja konzumiraju veću količinu voća i cjelovitih žitarica te su skloniji analiziranju deklaracija na proizvodima. Informacije o prehrambenim vlaknima ispitanici najčešće dobivaju internetom, zatim televizijom i tiskanim medijima, a najrjeđe iz zdravstvenih ustanova i radiom. U medicinskih sestara i u opće populacije utvrđena je podjednaka razina znanja o sastavu, potrebnom dnevnom unosu, podjeli i zdravstvenoj važnosti prehrambenih vlakana. Iako se statistički značajni rezultati dijelom pojavljuju u kontekstu boljeg znanja medicinskih sestara, prvenstveno onih s višom razinom obrazovanja, ipak nije ustanovljena razlika u znanjima između opće populacije i medicinskih sestara.
Zaključak: Prehrambene navike hrvatske populacije glede unosa voća, povrća i cjelovitih žitarica ne slijede u potpunosti preporuke, odnosno ispod su preporučenih količina. Postoji pozitivna povezanost više razine obrazovanja i prehrambenih navika, analiziranja deklaracija, ali i konzumacije brze hrane i obroka izvan doma te nešto veća razina znanja o zdravstvenoj važnosti konzumiranja vlakana. Medicinske sestre Zadarske županije ne pokazuju veća znanja o zdravstvenoj važnosti konzumiranja prehrambenih vlakana u odnosu na opću populaciju. Zbog uloge medicinskih sestara u zdravstvenoj skrbi nužna je evaluacija obrazovnih programa s naglaskom na područje prehrane i dijetoterapiju. |
| Abstract (english) | Goal: The goal of this paper is to evaluate the knowledge of nurses from Zadar county about the consumption of dieatary fiber in comparison to the general population. The knowledge of nurses about the mentioned have a crucial role in health education and the enlightment of the general population, it contributes to a healthy diet and a healthy lifestyle, but also to disease prevention. The evaluation of knowledge in this field can contribute to improving of health programmes for nurses in the field of nutrition and diet therapy.
Methods: 1096 examinees have participated in this cross- sectional study. The basic set has been stratified into two samples: the general population (727 examinees) and nurses (369 examinees). The study has been carried out in Dalmatia, from October 2014 to March 2015. A validated questionnaire of the Portuguese research centre Polytechnic Institute Viseu has been used. The questionnaire contains questions about demographic characteristics, eating habits, habits of analysing declarations, information sources, knowledge of dietary fiber and the connection between the input of fiber and disease occurence. By using descriptive and inferential statistics the consumption of dietary fiber in the Croatian population, as well as the level of knowledge of the nurses and the general population have been evaluated.
Results: The intake of foods which are rich in dietary fiber in the Croatian population is relatively low. The examinees mostly consume one meal of vegetables and fruit per day. Women consume a larger amount of vegetables, fruit and whole grains and they analyse product declarations more often. Men usually consume fast food and meals outside their home. A positive connection between the level of education and good eating habits has been established. Inhabitants of urban areas consume a larger amount of fruit and whole grains, and they tend to analyse product declarations more often. The examinees receive information about dietary fiber mostly through the internet, then through television and printed media, but rarely through health institutions and radio. An equal level of knowledge about the composition, the required daily intake, the distribution and the health importance of dietary fiber has been established in the general population and the nurses. Statistically significant results partly appear in the context of better knowledge of the nurses, primarily those with a higher level of education, but a difference in the knowledge between the general population and the nurses hasn't been established.
Conclusion: Eating habits concerning the intake of fruit, vegetables and whole grains do not completely match the recommendation, respectively they are below the recommended quantities. There is a positive connection between a higer level of education and eating habits, analysing of declaration, but also the consumption of fast food and meals outside the home, as well as a slightly higher level of knowledge about the health importance of dieatary fiber consumption. The nurses of Zadar County do not show better knowledge about the health importance of dieatary fiber consumption in relation to the general population. Because of the role of the nurses in health care, an evaluation of the educational programmes in the fields of nutrition and diet therapy is necessary |
