| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja
Procijeniti znanje, ponašanje i stav učenika zdravstvenih škola o upotrebi antibiotika, te kako oni kao budući zdravstveni djelatnici svojim postupcima mogu doprinijeti pravilnoj primjeni antibiotika. Tako bi se uvjerljivije i točnije odredile metode kojim će se pokušati smanjiti uzrok koji dovodi do otpornosti bakterija na antibiotike.
Ispitanici i metode
U istraživanju su obuhvaćeni učenici/e završnih razreda srednjih medicinskih škola u Zadru, Šibeniku, Splitu i Dubrovniku smjer medicinska sestra - tehničar. Sudjelovalo je 145 ispitanika. Istraživanje se provodilo u vremenskom razdoblju od tri mjeseca, od kraja travnja 2018. do početka lipnja 2018. godine.
U svrhu istraživanja, korišten je samostalno konstruiran anketni upitnik koji se sastoji od 34 pitanja raspoređena u 5 skupina (demografski podaci, korisnost antibiotika otpornost na antibiotike, izvor, razlog i indikacija upotrebe antibiotika i uzrok rezistencije na bakterije). Upitnik je sastavljen na temelju ponuđenih tvrdnji, a anketirana osoba treba zaokružiti, slaže li se, ne slaže ili nije sigurna s ponuđenom izjavom.
U radu se koriste metode grafičkog i tabelarnog prikazivanja, metode deskriptivne statistike, Wilcoxonov test za jedan nezavisan uzorak, te Mann-Whitney U test. Analiza je rađena u statističkom programu STATISTICA 12. Zaključci su doneseni pri razini signifikantnosti od 5%.
Rezultati
Bez obzira na visoku konzumaciju antibiotika među ispitanicima (89/145) u posljednjih 12 mjeseci, većina ispitanika ima visoku razinu znanja o korisnosti antibiotika (79.08%.) i ima ispravne navike vezane uz upotrebu antibiotika (94,48%). Korišteni antibiotici propisani su od liječnika, a velika većina (90,34%) učenika ispravno misli da se antibiotici trebaju kupovati samo na recept.
Slabije znanje utvrđujemo kod razloga i indikacija upotrebe antibiotika, dok najlošije znanje utvrđujemo kod poznavanja uzroka rezistencije bakterija na antibiotike (41,7%).
Zaključak
Otpornost bakterija na antibiotike predstavlja javno zdravstveni problem, stoga je potrebno provoditi redovne edukacije i sve više osvještavati medicinske sestre - tehničare o uzrocima koji utječu na pojavu rezistencije i kako oni pravilnom primjenom antibiotika mogu utjecati na smanjenje otpornosti bakterija. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da je znanje učenika završnih razreda o antibioticima i bakterijskoj rezistenciji nedovoljno.
To je problem zbog toga što oni zbog svog neznanja neće sutra kad počnu raditi i budu na prvoj liniji kontakta s pacijentima, moći svoje pacijente ispravno educirati, a svoje neznanje i eventualne negativne stavove, glede upotrebe ili zloupotrebe antibiotika i moguće bakterijske rezistencije, prenijet će i na njih. |
| Abstract (english) | Research goal:
Assess the knowledge, behaviour and attitudes of healthcare students about the use of antibiotics and their contribution to the proper use of antibiotics within their procedures as future health professionals. Thus, more convincing and more precise methods would be used to reduce the cause of bacterial resistance.
Respondents and Methods:
The survey includes senior students of secondary medical schools in Zadar, Šibenik, Split and Dubrovnik, course of study - nurse / medical technician. The research was conducted with 145 participants over a period of three months, from the end of April 2018 to the beginning of June 2018.
For the purpose of the research, a self-constructed questionnaire was used, consisting of 34 questions deployed in 5 groups (demographic data, antibiotic utility, antibiotic resistance, source, reason and indication of antibiotic use and the cause of bacterial resistance). The questionnaire is composed on the basis of the assertions offered, and the interviewee needs to state if he/she agrees, disagrees or is not sure about the statement provided.
This study uses graphical and tabular presentation methods, descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon's test for an independent sample, and Mann-Whitney U test. An analysis was performed in the statistical program STATISTICA 12. Conclusions were made at a level of significance of 5%.
The results:
Regardless of the high consumption of antibiotics among the respondents (89/145) in the last 12 months, most respondents have a high level of knowledge of antibiotic utility (79.08%) and have correct habits related to their usage (94.48%). The antibiotics used are prescribed by a physician, and the vast majority (90.34%) of the students correctly think that antibiotics should only be purchased on prescription.
Less knowledge was stated for reasons and indications of the usage of antibiotics, while the lowest knowledge is determined in the cause of bacterial resistance (41.7%).
Conclusion:
Bacterial resistance is a public health problem, therefore it is necessary to conduct regular education and increasingly educate nurses-technicians about the causes that affect the occurrence of resistance and how they can affect its reduction by using antibiotics properly. The results of this study show that the knowledge of senior students about antibiotics and bacterial resistance is insufficient.
Due to their ignorance, this represents a problem because students will not be able to educate patients properly when they start working and having contact with them. Also, their ignorance and potential negative attitudes regarding usage / abuse of antibiotics and possible bacterial resistance could be transferred to patients. |
