OBJECTIVE: Obesity has become one of the most prevalent public health problems in the last decade, both in adults and in children. Therefore, this research aims at examining the association of anthropometric (waist and hip circumferences, body height and weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure), metabolic parameters (glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL) and leptin levels in obese children compared to children who are adequately nourished for their age and gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study presents a cross-sectional study of cases and controls by comparing the test group of 30 obese children and adolescents (13.52±2.44) with the control group of 30 children with normal weight and with matched age (12.88±2.40). Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured in both groups. Standard metabolic parameters (fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides) were measured using standardized methods. Fasting insulin concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminiscent immunoassay "ECLIA" and the concentration of hormon was measured by ELISA method. RESULTS: The anthropometric measurements (BMI in kg/m2, percentiles, z-values, waist and hip circumferences in centimetres and systolic arterial pressure in mmHg) of the examined children and adolescents, show statistically significant difference when compared with children and adolescents of the control group (P<0.001 ). Statistically significant differences between the test and control groups were found in conceration of fasting glucose (P<0.001), fasting insulin (P=0.009), triglycerides (P=0.010) and high density lipoproteins (P<0.001) while the results of low cholesterol (P=0.543) and low-density lipoprotein (P=0.941) analysis did not show statistically significant differences. Serum concentrations of leptin in the examined group (35.55±22.23) and control groups (10.62±7.28) show statistically significant differences between groups with P value less than 0.001. CONCLUSION: Leptin hormone concentrations are significantly increased in obese children compared to children with normal body weight. Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disorder and therefore it is neccessary to conduct further research that would include larger number of subjects and analysis of metabolic parameters.