Pregnancy is a period in the women ́s life, in which the fertilized egg grows and develops. Normal pregnancy lasts 40 weeks or 9 months and ends with the birth of a child of 37. to 42. weeks. Premature birth is the end of the pregnancy before the completion of 37. week of pregnancy. It is the most important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity and the incidence has not decreased significantly in the last 40 years. Prevention and treatment are difficult due to the existence of a large number of risk factors and some of them are still unknown. There are so many possible simptoms, so premature birth is known as syndrom. Prevention is only possible in the form of preventing the risk factors, such as treating maternal diseases, but also acting on the harmful habits of the mother. Premature child is born before the expected time necessary to achieve the complete growth and development of organs and organic systems necessary for the survival and function of the organism. Their outward appearance differs greatly from the appearance of a newborn child. Physiological peculiarities make it difficult to adapt to extrauterine life. Care of the child in the first hours is very important for later good development. The premature child is placed in a warm incubator, which provides everything necessary for good growth and development. Adequate nutrition is one of the most important factors of survival and quality of life. Proper treatment, better known as baby handling, ensures normal development and eliminates or reduces the harmful effects of the environemnt. Keywords: premature labor, prevention, premature child, proper treatment