Title Tretman ozljede zadnje mišićne lože kod aktivnih sportaša i rekreativaca - sustavni pregled
Title (english) HAMSTRING INJURY TREATMENT IN ACTIVE AND RECREATIONAL ATHLETES Systematic Review
Author Ivo Babić
Mentor Fabijan Čukelj (mentor)
Committee member Dinko Pivalica (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Frane Mihanović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Fabijan Čukelj (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Split (University Department of Health Studies) Split
Defense date and country 2020-09-24, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences
Abstract Ozljede zadnje mišićne lože su jedne od najučestalijih sportskih ozljeda i mogu biti nazočne kod rekreativaca i vrhunskih sportaša. Obično sportovi koji sadrže nagla ubrzanja rezultiraju sa najvišom stopom ozljeda. Osobito visoke stope ozljeda su prisutne kod trčanja sa preponama, nogometa, američkog nogometa, kao i drugim sportovima koji sadrže trčanje, skakanje i udaranje. Najveći rizik nastanka ozljede zadnje mišićne lože je ukoliko postoji prethodna ozljeda, uključujući istegnuće, rupture i avulzije. Klasifikacijski sustavi korisni su za zdravstvene djelatnike, sportaše i njihove trenere jer usmjeravaju liječenje i procjenu. Istaknuli smo četiri klasifikacijska sustava od kojih su MR sustav i britanska klasifikacija primarno korišteni za ozljede zadnje lože, što ne umanjuje vrijednost ostalih klasifikacijskih sustava. Ozljede zadnje lože možemo podijeliti na: proksimalne, ozljede trbuha mišića i distalne ozljede. Proksimalne i distalne najčešće zahtijevaju operativni zahvat. Većina mišićnih ozljeda reagira dobro na konzervativno liječenje koje se sastoji od različitih faza (akutna, post-akutna, funkcionalni trening i povratak sportu). Znanstvena literatura najveću važnost daje aktivnom konzervativnom tretmanu (vježbama), a ekscentrične vježbe potiču pravilno formiranje kolagenih vlakana unutar tetiva te formiranje poprečnih veza što klinički rezultira povećanom snagom i fleksibilnosti. Pasivni konzervativni tretman temelji se na krioterapiji, protuupalnim lijekovima, manualnoj terapiji, injekcijskoj terapiji i ostalim fizikalnim metodama. PRP injekcije se često upotrebljavaju, ali potrebna su dodatna istraživanja koja bi podržala ovu metodu. Primarna indikacija za operativni zahvat uključuje potpunu avulziju sve tri tetive, rupturu tetive sa pomakom većim od 2,5 cm ili avulzijski prijelom sa pomakom većim od 1,5 cm. Kada konzervativni tretman ne smanjuje kronične bolove, uzima se u obzir operativni zahvat čišćenja. Tehnike prevencije novih i ponavljajućih ozljeda trebaju se usredotočiti na jačanje zadnje mišićne lože kako bi se omogućilo da tetive mogu podnijeti visoke razine ekscentričnih sila. Suglasnost trenera i medicinskog osoblja također se smatra važnim čimbenikom za uspješnu provedbu programa prevencije ozljede zadnje mišićne lože.
Abstract (english) Hamstring injuries are one of the most common sports injuries as they can affect both recreational and active (elite) athletes. Typically, rapid acceleration sports produce the highest injury rates. Particularly high injury rates are present in hurdling, football, American football, as well as other running, jumping, and kicking sports. The greatest risk of hamstring injury is any previous hamstring injury including sprains, tears and avulsions. Classification systems are useful for physicians, athletes and also their coaches because they direct further treatment and assessment. We have pointed out four classification systems: MRI scoring system, British classification, Munchen classification and MLG-R system. The MRI scoring system and British classification are primarily used for hamstring injuries, which does not diminish the value of other classification systems. Hamstring injuries can be divided into: proximal, muscle belly injuries and distal injuries. Proximal and distal injuries usually require surgical treatment. Most muscle injuries respond well to a conservative treatment which consists of different phases (acute, post-acute, functional training and return to sport). The greatest importance that the scientific literature attaches is an conservative treatment (exercises). Eccentric exercises stimulates collagen fibers within tendons to properly organize and form transverse connections that increases strength and flexibility. The passive conservative treatment is based on cryotherapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, manual therapy, injection therapy and other physical methods. PRP injections are often used, but additional research is needed to support this method. The primary indication for surgical treatment includes complete avulsion of all three tendons, tendon rupture with retraction more than 2.5 cm, or avulsion fracture with displacement more than 1.5 cm. When conservative treatment fails, surgical treatment is often considered. Prevention of new and recurrent injuries should focus on hamstring strengthening to allow the tendons to tolerate high levels of eccentric forces. The consensus of trainers and medical staff is also considered an important factor for the successful implementation of a hamstring injury prevention program.
Keywords
ozljeda zadnje mišićne lože
aktivni sportaši
reaktivacija
Keywords (english)
hamstring injury
active sportsmen
reactivation
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:176:943529
Study programme Title: Physiotherapy (university/graduate) Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra fizioterapije (magistar/magistra fizioterapije)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2021-02-03 10:25:46