Computed tomography (CT) is the method of choice for the diagnosis of chest diseases. CT scanners have been developed from generation to generation and MSCT scanners are the most commonly used today. Due to the risk of radiation exposure and the administration of contrast agents, standardization of CT protocols is important to avoid repetitive imaging and additional radiation exposure to the patient. The selection of the appropriate CT protocol depends on the clinical indication and the patient's needs. With NCCT protocols, important diagnostic information can be obtained without the use of contrast media. LDCT is the standard protocol for lung cancer screening due to its low radiation dose and high sensitivity in detecting lung nodules. In addition, ultra-LDCT offers the possibility of diagnosing pneumonia and pneumothorax with a minimal radiation dose. Cine-CT enables the assessment of cardiac function during the entire cardiac cycle, but with a high radiation dose and low temporal resolution. CECT protocols involve the use of contrast agents to more accurately identify the anatomy of blood vessels, differentiate adjacent non-vascular structures, and improve the detection and characterization of pathologic lesions. CTA is used to diagnose pathologies of the vascular system, while CTPA, with its high sensitivity and specificity, is crucial for the diagnosis of PE. TRO-CT is useful in the emergency in patients with acute chest pain to rule out acute conditions such as acute coronary syndrome, PE and acute aortic syndrome. DCE-CT allows monitoring of dynamic changes in tissue perfusion and it is useful in tumor diagnosis. To reduce risks, it is necessary to use chest CT protocols with the lowest possible radiation and contrast doses in the pediatric population.