Every malignant disease that begins in one of the organs of the female sex system is called gynecological cancer. Each of these cancers has some of its peculiarities. Although conditions with the increased ability to develop some gynecological cancers are not the same for all forms and localizations of cancer, important risk factors in most cases overlap. Data on cancer epidemiology are collected in the Cancer Registry of the Croatian Institute of Public Health and published in regular bulletins. According to data from the Cancer Registry of 2015, gynecological cancers account for 22% of all cancer in women. The causes of growing illnesses are interpreted in ways of life, detrimental living habits, influences of work and life environment and considerable prolonged life. The cancer of the uterus is the most common sex system cancer, with 500 to 530 new cases each year in Croatia. After gynecologist performs diagnostic procedures, a final diagnosis is obtained. The division of gynecological tumors is determined by the FIGO system, which is also included in the TNM system. The success of the treatment depends on the stage of the disease, the malignant tumor potential and the quality of the treatment. Various modes of oncological treatment are used for different types and stages of the same type of tumor. Diagnosis and treatment of cancer are complex processes that require knowledge and expertise of medical staff. The purpose of the multidisciplinary team is to combine the expert knowledge, skills and experience of each member of the team to ensure the best possible care. Contemporary oncology rests on multimodal treatment. Radiotherapy means treating the tumor with high energy radiation, with the goal of protection of the surrounding, healthy tissue. In order to achieve the best results of oncological treatment, chemotherapy is also co-ordinated with radiotherapy. By combining multiple treatment modalities we increase the effectiveness of the treatment. Radiotherapy of gynecological tumors involves external beam radiotherapy, most commonly with high energy photons and brachytherapy with high, medium and low dose devices. Indications for radiotherapy use is adjuvant, primary and palliative treatment. The most effective way to reduce mortality from malignant diseases is their prevention, early detection and timely treatment and rehabilitation after treatment, ie education of patients in order to prevent disease recovery and proper lifestyle.