The lungs are primary organs of human respiratory system. There are many different pathological processes that affect this region. Some of the most common conditions are infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and pneumonia, immune system disorders, COPD and emergencies. The main role of imaging of the thorax is to establish the presence or absence of suspected pulmonary pathology. Thorax is the region characterized by complex anatomical structures whose evaluation always begins with chest radiographs. These radiographs differ in patient's positioning, and so there are posteroanterior, anteroposterior and lateral projections. The primary imaging modalities are chest radiographs and computed tomography. Furthermore, computed tomography allows three-dimensional reconstructions, post-processing and the possibility of images in high spatial resolution. These images help in distinguishing anatomical structures and pathological conditions. Other imaging modalities, used in thorax, include magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound that do not use ionizing radiation, angiography for blood vessels evaluation and nuclear medicine techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging allows both functional and morphological imaging. Ultrasound has limited utility in the view of the thoracic region and it is primarily used for examination of the apex and for the diagnosis of pneumothorax. Positron emission tomography and ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy are two radionuclide imaging techniques. Positron emission tomography is most commonly fused with computed tomography for better anatomical localization of the pathological condition. It is used for the evaluation of primary tumors and metastases. Ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy are useful methods for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Today they are being increasingly replaced by computed tomography - angiography. Each imaging technique has a certain advantages and disadvantages when determining lung diseases, therefore there is no single method that meets all criteria.