Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women in Croatia and the world, with a constant increase in the number of patients. Cancer treatment is demanding and depends on the stage of development, size, cell characteristics and spread. Therapy can cause a wide range of side effects that require additional attention, care and attention in order not to impair the quality of life. One of the frequent side effects is a painful shoulder that remains a chronic problem. Due to its biomechanical properties, the shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body, but also the most unstable, which leads to frequent injuries. The causes of shoulder pain in women who have survived breast cancer can be numerous, such as changes in the acromioclavicular joint, rotator cuff tendonitis, adhesive capsulitis and many other changes. The clinical picture is dominated by pain in the shoulder accompanied by reduced mobility in the joint. The shoulder joint is important in everyday life and professional activities, and it is extremely important to recognize the cause in time and start therapy. The aim of this paper is to present a method of conducting a physiotherapy assessment of a painful shoulder that can contribute to the early recognition of the target damage and the prevention of chronic consequences. We tested 4 subjects who reported shoulder pain after breast cancer treatment. The testing consisted of measuring the sagittal mobility of the thoracic spine, goniometry, dynamometry, special tests for the shoulder and filling out a questionnaire. The obtained results were compared with image diagnostics of the shoulder to confirm the diagnosis. This research has proven that by conducting a targeted physiotherapy assessment, the cause of pain can be established in a quick, simple and standardized way and the correct plan and goal of therapy can be set in women who have survived breast cancer.